Also known as: AV fistula, arteriovenous fistula
A fistula, alternatively referred to as an AV fistula or arteriovenous fistula, is established by directly connecting an individual’s artery and vein, typically in the arm. This procedure can often be performed as an outpatient operation under local anesthesia. As blood from the newly connected artery flows into the vein, the vein gradually enlarges and strengthens. Patients are instructed to perform exercises, such as squeezing a rubber ball, to aid in the maturation and strengthening of the fistula, which can take anywhere from six weeks to four months or even longer. Once the fistula has reached maturity, it can provide excellent blood flow for many years of hemodialysis.
Renowned kidney and hemodialysis experts, including organizations such as the National Kidney Foundation (NKF), Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), and the American Association of Kidney Patients (AAKP), among others, consider the fistula to be the “gold standard” choice for vascular access. Numerous research studies have demonstrated that patients with a fistula experience the fewest complications, such as infections or clotting, in comparison to all other access options.
