An infection occurs when harmful bacteria or viruses infiltrate the body. These germs can enter through various means, such as direct contact, inhalation, or ingestion. The body’s immune system is constantly vigilant against infections and employs multiple defense mechanisms to combat them.

One key defense mechanism involves increasing blood flow to the infected area, facilitating the transport of white blood cells and antibodies to confront the invading germs. However, this heightened blood flow may also lead to inflammation, often one of the initial indicators of a bacterial infection.

In cases where an infection affects the entire body rather than a specific region, individuals may develop a fever. Elevating the body’s internal temperature is a tactic employed by the immune system to weaken the bacteria or viruses, allowing antibodies to effectively combat them. Fever typically serves as an early sign of the body’s response to bacterial or viral threats.

Fatigue can also set in when the body is actively fighting an infection. This exhaustion is a signal from your body that it requires rest. Occasionally, infections can overwhelm the body, necessitating medical attention.

Why Are Individuals with Kidney Disease Susceptible to Infections?

People with kidney disease may be more susceptible to infections due to associated conditions, including diabetes, inadequate calorie and protein intake, and the vulnerability of access sites to infection.

Infections Related to Diabetes

For individuals with both diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD), the risk of diabetes-related infections is heightened. Elevated blood glucose levels can impair the functioning of white blood cells. Maintaining proper glucose levels is crucial. Additionally, routine foot examinations to check for blisters, sores, or ingrown nails, as well as dental check-ups to detect gum disease or infected teeth, are essential precautions.

Viral infections like the flu or bacterial infections from cuts or surgical procedures can lead to elevated blood glucose levels, prolonging the recovery period for individuals with diabetes.

Access Sites

Access sites, which allow the entry and exit of dialysate (for peritoneal dialysis, or PD) or blood (for hemodialysis), pose potential entry points for bacteria. These sites involve catheters or needle punctures, making them susceptible to infection.

Preventing Infections

Infections can range from minor inconveniences to life-threatening conditions if left untreated. Employ the following measures to safeguard against infections:

• Maintain Clean Access Sites: Dialysis patients should follow instructions on access site hygiene to detect and prevent infection. Those performing home dialysis will receive guidance on maintaining a hygienic environment, including proper handwashing techniques for care partners who handle catheters or access sites.
• Vigilance for Signs of Infection: PD patients should inspect their catheters for any damage, cracks, or signs of irritation. Hemodialysis individuals should cleanse their access sites before treatment and report any tenderness or irritation to healthcare providers.
• Practice Hand Hygiene: Infection-causing germs can linger on doorknobs, faucets, and surfaces. During cold and flu seasons, rigorous handwashing is crucial to prevent infection.
• Manage Your Condition: Adherence to diet, medication, and dialysis recommendations from your healthcare team can reduce infection risk. Missing dialysis sessions can lead to the accumulation of waste and toxins in the bloodstream, weakening the body’s defenses. Discuss any concerns about your diet or medication with your doctor.
• Nutritious Diet: Adequate consumption of protein, calories, and nutrients strengthens the immune system. Renal dietitians for dialysis patients create personalized eating plans based on individual nutritional needs. Regular lab reports help ensure proper nutrient intake.
• Prompt Reporting of Infections: Report any signs of infection promptly to your doctor. Severe access site infections may prevent dialysis, necessitating immediate medical attention. Infections at access sites can spread rapidly throughout the body, complicating treatment and delaying recovery. Consult your doctor if you experience symptoms of a cold or the flu, as monitoring your condition is crucial to prevent worsening.